Henry Benedict Stuart was a Roman Catholic cardinal and the final Jacobite claimant to the thrones of Great Britain and Ireland. Born in Rome, he was the younger brother of Charles Edward Stuart, famously known as 'Bonnie Prince Charlie.' After the failure of the Jacobite rising of 1745, he pursued a career in the Church, eventually becoming the Dean of the College of Cardinals. Upon his brother's death in 1788, he declared himself Henry IX, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland, though his claim was not recognized and he never attempted to seize the throne.